Votes For Sale Essay Example For Students

Votes For Sale Essay Word Count: 862 According to the Associated Press, lobbyist donated 633 million dollars to government representatives in the first half of 1999. A lobbyists job is to pass money to representatives for a vote in their favor of a bill. Up to $5000 may be given to any one congressman by a lobbyist thru Political Action Committees (PACs). Farmers, laborers, gun control activists, abortion opponents, and teachers are just a few of the numerous groups who form these committees in the United States. These interest groups employ a lobbyist to offer a cash donation on their behalf. The legislative branch of the United States government was designed to represent citizens of this nation. We will write a custom essay on Votes For Sale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Congressional members are supposed to be the representatives of people in their district or state. Laws are supposed to be passed in the publics best interest. PACs attempt to influence the passing of laws through lobbyists. Lobbyists degrade democracy, encourage improper policymaking, and likely provoke political corruption. The most obvious downfall to lobbying is that representatives would be encouraged to vote for money; causing a degradation of democracy. In other words, if a pro-life group paid a representative to vote against legalizing abortion the money would influence the representatives vote. Whether or not a bill is passed becomes an issue of who is willing and able to pay more for it. Congressmen would look to vote for bills that would get them the most money from the PACs. Even though $5,000 is the maximum donation a lobbyists can give to one particular politician; lobbyists donate to several. This can give them the upper hand in a majority decision. Lobbyists believe they are representing the people and getting bills passed that the people want, thus promoting the citizens role in the government.The problem with this view is that the money is getting more representation than the people are. The group that has the most money and buys the most votes will get more bills passed in their favor, regardless if they are the majority or not. This takes away from the democratic process; not allowing all the peoples votes to count. A representative should vote for those who elected him not those who pay him the most. When a representatives vote is influenced by money the fundamentals of democracy are defeated. Secondly, representatives benefit directly from lobbyists donations. Therefore, representatives will use improper policymaking to assure a lobbyists cause is ratified. For instance, if a gun control activist donates to a state representative with the intent to make purchasing handguns easier, then that representative will exercise his political power of policymaking to assure it takes place. Supporters of lobbyists justify their action by pointing out the fact that all donations are recorded. However, reports show there are a number of gifts and donations that go unreported. Supporters of lobbyist attempt to use the lobbying disclosure law to defend this practice. The law requires all donations be publicly documented. This is simply used to cover the backs of congressmen, making it appear that they are in favor of strict monitoring of money and gifts received from lobbyists. Newt Gingrich went as far to say that anything is fine so long as everything is documented, thus giving much leeway to lobbyists. Finally, relinquishing a money donation is not something a representative would do. Hes going to take the money and vote in favor of a particular lobbyist in order to keep getting money from him in the future, thus lobbyists encourage political corruption. The view taken by supporters of lobbyists is that donations do not finalize the vote of the representative. The representative still maintains the choice to vote for or against a lobbyist that has made a donation. Realistically, if a representative votes against a donating lobbyist he would be giving up the chance to continue receiving money from that particular lobbyist.This betrayal might cause other lobbyists to avoid that representative knowing he might take the money and not vote in their favor. Giving up potential money in donations is not something that a representative would seriously consider. .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d , .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d .postImageUrl , .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d , .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d:hover , .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d:visited , .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d:active { border:0!important; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d:active , .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: World Hunger Essay Therefore, the money will cause corruption on the part of the representative. Those who have the most money

Indoor air quality in sustainable, energy efficient buildings

Indoor air quality in sustainable, energy efficient buildings Introduction ‘Indoor air quality in sustainable, energy efficient buildings’ is the article by Andrew K. Persily and Steven J. Emmerich. The article is devoted to the problem of the indoor air quality. The authors focused their attention on the energy-efficient approach of its achievement.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Indoor air quality in sustainable, energy efficient buildings specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The background of the article The energy efficiency is the urgent problem nowadays. The engineers and contractors have paid a particular attention on this problem since 1970s. At that period, the mankind faced the keen energy supply problems. The energy inefficiency is a burden for the economic development. In addition, it results in the environmental pollution. The wide discussions of the problem encouraged the construction companies searching for new materials and technologies. â€Å"Some di scussions of net-zero energy buildings also speak to the need for high performance, which generally includes a range of non-energy performance attributes, such as indoor air quality (IAQ)† (Persily Emmerich 2012, p.5). The indoor air quality system as a building technology of new generation The indoor air quality (IAQ) systems play a crucial role in the maintenance of the proper ventilation of the premises. The systems are aimed at regulating the quality of the air which is important for the people’s health. The poor IAQ systems may lead to the serious diseases including the lung cancer, carbon monoxide poisoning, and Legionnaires’ disease (Persily Emmerich 2012). There are a number of IAQ systems performance assessment tests. These tests evaluate the effectiveness of the system. However, the authors of the article mention that these tests â€Å"do not address health impacts, particularly from contaminants that are not perceived at low concentrations or for wh ich the health outcomes occur long after exposure† (Persily Emmerich 2012, p.5). The authors focus on the relationship between the IAQ and the energy efficiency of the building (Persily Emmerich 2012). They emphasize that the outdoor air ventilation is the area linking both of them (Persily Emmerich 2012). The evaluation of the energy efficiency strategies The authors evaluated certain energy efficiency strategies including the reduced outdoor air ventilation rates, increased thermal insulation, and cooling equipment efficiency increases (Persily Emmerich 2012). According to their evaluation, the first strategy leads to the increase in the concentration of the contaminants (Persily Emmerich 2012).Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second strategy may lead to the biological growth as it is connected with the increase in the condensation of the buildin g envelopes (Persily Emmerich 2012). The last strategy may also result in the biological growth as it has a high probability of the increase in the indoor humidity levels (Persily Emmerich 2012). Strategies supporting the iaq and the energy efficiency The authors of the article have suggested the strategies which are able to support the IAQ and the energy efficiency of the building (Persily Emmerich 2012). In particular, they suggest the heat recovery ventilation, demand controlled ventilation, economizer operation, dedicated outdoor air system, displacement ventilation, task ventilation, natural/hybrid ventilation, envelope and air distribution systems tightness, more efficient particle filtration, gaseous air cleaning, source control and low ventilation, and QM re-commissioning (Persily Emmerich 2012). The authors enumerate the main effects of these strategies and briefly describe the way they work. The authors make a conclusion that some of the main challenges for creating th e energy efficient IAQ system are hot and humid climates (Persily Emmerich 2012). Furthermore, the poor outdoor air quality can result in the IAQ inefficiency (Persily Emmerich 2012). The authors of the article state that the design of the building is the primary determinant of the energy efficient IAQ. â€Å"High-performance buildings should provide better IAQ conditions than exist in current buildings, and there are many strategies for doing so that will not necessarily conflict with energy efficiency† (Persily Emmerich 2012, p. 19). Conclusion In order to sum up all above mentioned, it should be said that the article ‘Indoor air quality in sustainable, energy efficient buildings’ by Andrew K. Persily and Steven J. Emmerich reflects the newest tendencies in the building construction. The authors of the article have touched upon the problem of the indoor air quality. They put a particular emphasis on the relationship of the IAQ system and the energy efficienc y. A number of strategies for the realization of the energy efficiency and the maintenance of the IAQ system have been suggested by the authors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Indoor air quality in sustainable, energy efficient buildings specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Persily, A. K. Emmerich, S. 2012, ‘Indoor air quality in sustainable, energy efficient buildings’, HVACR Research, vol. 18. no. 1-2, pp. 4-20.

How Collin Powell Has Contributed to American History Research Paper

How Collin Powell Has Contributed to American History - Research Paper Example He was appointed by the President Kennedy as the military advisor to South Vietnam in 1962. During this era, he polished his leadership skills which were inherent. He is a former secretary of state, national security advisor and chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff, the first African American to serve in any of those positions (Ciment 204). He graduated from a high school without having any definite ambition or direction in life. It was in City College, New York, where he discovered his calling and found his career in Military (Ryan np). This was the beginning of a career that continues to benefit all Americans today. Over the course of his career, he became one of the most popular American figures, representing the possibilities of American dream for millions of people around the world. As Colin Luther Powell said and I quote: â€Å"I was born in Harlem, raised in the South Bronx, went to public school, got out of public college, went into the Army, and then I just stuck with it.† Serving in Vietnam His first assignment was at the Fulda Gap (West Germany), where American and allied groups stood as an obstacle on Soviet Union’s most likely invasion route. In 1960s, Powell served two tours of duty at South Vietnam. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the United States Army and was dispatched there along with 16000 military advisors by President Kennedy in 1962. He served as South Vietnamese advisor on his first tour, where he was wounded in 1963 by a Vietcong booby trap. In 1968 to 1969, he served as an Army Infantry officer, where he was also wounded badly in a helicopter crash. Despite of his injuries he managed to rescue two of his comrades from the burning helicopter for which he received a Soldier’s medal. For his valor and bravery in Vietnam, he was also awarded two Purple Hearts, a Bronze Star, the Legion of Merit. In 1971, he completed his MBA from George Washington University and was awarded the prestigious White House fellowshi p after being prompted to Major in the succeeding year. During the administration of President Nixon, he was assigned to the office of Management and Budget where he made a lasting impression on Casper Weinberger and Frank Carlucci. Later on, they would consult Powell for advice, when they both served as Secretary of Defense and National Security advisor, respectively, in the Reagan Administration. In 1973, he traveled to South Korea and took command of a battalion and then a year later, he returned as a staff officer to the Pentagon. He completed his military education in 1976 from National War College. He later on took command of the Second Brigade of the 101st Airborne division at Kentucky in the same year. In 1980, he completed his assignments as the Fourth Infantry Division at Fort Carson, Colorado. In 1987, he was in West Germany again serving as the commanding General in Frankfurt when he was called back to Washington to work with Frank Carlucci as a new National Security adv isor. Working with National Security Council Frank Carlucci was chosen to be the head of National Security which was, at that time, troubled due to the aftermath of Iran-Contra Scandal. Powell at that time was not unaware of what was going in NSC under Admiral John Poindexter and Oliver North. He had to face the issue of arms sales to Iran while working under Weinberger at the defense department. Being aware of

Employers Duty of Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employers Duty of Care - Essay Example However, Jake could seek the car owners’ permission to provide the basic checking services for extra charge that would provide revenue for the shop and would not necessarily cause unnecessary work slowdown for those car owners who opted not to avail of these extra services. In so doing, Jake would still be complying with the duties expected from his scope of employment and still adhere to the priorities set by Herman, his manager.2. Explain whether or not Herman is responsible for Jake’s injury.  As employer, Herman is responsible for Jake’s injury primarily since the injury was sustained while doing the responsibilities expected of him in the service department. According to U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), â€Å"employers are responsible for providing a safe and healthful workplace† (OSHA Law and Regulations, n.d., p. 1). The injuries sustained by Jake form part of OSHA’s regulations that co ver autobody repair and refinishing where injuries that were identified include â€Å"being struck by an object, struck against an object, and caught in an object, equipment, or material† (Smith, 2007). In this regard, it is within the responsibility of Herman, as employer, to ensure that the workplace is safe and that employees, including Jake, are accorded with the appropriate medical attention for injuries sustained within the work setting and in complying with his identified responsibilities.... According to U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), â€Å"employers are responsible for providing a safe and healthful workplace† (OSHA Law and Regulations, n.d., p. 1). The injuries sustained by Jake form part of OSHA’s regulations that cover autobody repair and refinishing where injuries that were identified include â€Å"being struck by an object, struck against an object, and caught in an object, equipment, or material† (Smith, 2007). In this regard, it is within the responsibility of Herman, as employer, to ensure that the workplace is safe and that employees, including Jake, are accorded with the appropriate medical attention for injuries sustained within the work setting and in complying with his identified responsibilities. Herman should duly comply with OSHA reportorial requirements, as needed. 3. Explain whether or not Jake should be paid the overtime. The payment of overtime is governed by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) issued by the U.S. Dept. of Labor. The law specified that â€Å"it requires employers to pay covered employees who are not otherwise exempt at least the federal minimum wage and overtime pay of one-and-one-half-times the regular rate of pay† (U.S. Department of Labor, n.d., par. 1). Jake’s responsibilities, despite the noted promotion to service manager, remained the same as a service personnel. In this regard, he should be paid the overtime. As disclosed in the law for exemptions in the availment of overtime pay, â€Å"to qualify for exemption, employees generally must meet certain tests regarding their job duties and be paid on a salary basis at not less than $455 per week. Job titles do

Managing Change Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Managing Change - Case Study Example The company that refuses to face up to the challenge of change will be swept away by the flood tide of this very change, the literature on change management implies. It follows that the company that manages change well could reap enormous benefits. Organizational change is a challenge, which may be imposed or initiated. It could be the outcome of a merger, the setting of a new organizational direction, or a newly installed information technology system (Concept Systems Online). In this paper's discussion of change, it relates to a plan of a progressive furniture manufacturer in the US to expand its operations into cyberspace, a process that follows the just mentioned concept except for the part about the merger. For one, it sets a new direction for the organization and it calls for the installation of an unfamiliar IT system. It can also be said that the change is initiated by top management and imposed by circumstance. Management initiated the move following assessment by the firm's finance and accounting department that profits do not reflect the rising manufacturing costs and that raw material inventories waste expensive rental space in public warehouses. The website option is then set to be imposed by suggestions that tran sferring part of the firm's business online can take care of this sort of production problems and ensure its continued profitability. This is where change management is called into play because e-commerce is strange territory to a small-town company run on paternalism by an outdoors type of man who involves himself in the design and technical work and shares lunch with employees, most of whom have been with the company from the start and thus strong on loyalty. Although without formal training in business and management, the hands-on company president reads and attends business seminars, which gave him an open mind about change. However, the reaction of employees to the online plan was frosty, indicating their lack of enthusiasm on this idea of change. This represents a big challenge to change management, which this essay precisely seeks to address, in a way that would illumine how to meet the challenges and how to carry out the appropriate change management methods and models set forth on the subject. Chad's Creative Concepts Chad Thomas, founder and president of the company called Chad's Creative Concepts, started entertaining the idea of going online when a conflict arose over the firm's production of standardized line of furniture on top of the custom-design products. The company was catapulted to prominence by custom-made wooden furniture that brought "a bit of the outdoors" into homes. As the market for this innovative and unique product boomed, Chad's decided to add standard-design furniture to its product line. Lately, the standard-design furniture accounts for 40 percent of the firm's sales turnover but only 25 percent of the dollar value of sales. The customized furniture makes up 60 percent of sales and 75 percent of the sales' dollar value, which means this product line remains the company's bread and butter. For this reason,

Effectiveness and Efficiency of Distribution Channels In FMCG

Effectiveness and Efficiency of Distribution Channels In FMCG Fast Moving Consumer Goods popularly known FMCG is as the name suggests is the most demanded products in the market. It includes everything from food items like flour, biscuits, ice creams, etc to body products soaps, face creams to cigarettes to beverages, etc. consumers need these things in their everyday life so they invests a good portion of there income in these things. There are so many companies which are dealing in FMCG products like HUL, Dabur, Cavin Care, AMUL dealing in dairy products, etc. By the vary nature of the product the companies are seeing this as a great source of income. As large number of companies are looking this sector as a profitable venture, so for sustaining there position and gain new market they have to bring some thing unique in their products or services to gain position in the market or to sustain there. In modern business distribution network has a great impact on the success of any business. In the FMCG segment the role of a excellent distribution channel becomes even more crucial because the delivery of FMCG Product is confined to day to day basic. Hence in order to survive and thrive in a highly competitive market you have to have a distribution channel which has no problem at any point of the distribution channel. The factor which is of crucial importance to survive in any business is the understanding of the mind of the individual consumers. What are main characteristics which consumer consider while making a purchasing decision regarding FMCG Product. In order to make right decision regarding all these aspects the company requires a complete knowledge of the problems faced in distribution channel and what should be done in order to overcome all these problems. Better infrastructure facilities will improve their supply chain. FMCG sector is also likely to benefit from growing demand in the market. Because of the low per capita consumption for almost all the products in the country, FMCG companies have immense possibilities for growth. And if the companies are able to change the mindset of the consumers, i.e. if they are able to take the consumers to branded products and offer new generation products, they would be able to generate higher growth in the near future. Table of Contents Introduction A Distribution Channel is a set of interdependent organizations (intermediaries) involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption by the consumer or business user. Channel decisions are among the most important decisions that management faces and will directly affect every other marketing decision. Functions of Distribution Channel All Use Up Scarce Resources All May Often Be Performed Better Through Specialization All Can Often Be Shifted Among Channel Members Types of Distribution Channel A channel of distribution or trade channel is the path or route along which goods move from producers to ultimate consumers or industrial users. In other words, it is the distribution network through which a producer puts his product in the hands of actual users. The channel of distribution includes the original producer, the final buyer and any middlemen-either wholesaler or retailer. The term middleman refers to any institution or individual in the channel which either acquires title to the goods or negotiates or sells in the capacity of an agent or broker. But facilitating agencies that perform or assist in marketing function are not included as middlemen in the channel of distribution. This is because they neither acquire title to the goods nor negotiate purchase or sale. Such facilitating agencies include banks, railways, roadways, warehouses, insurance companies, advertising agencies, etc. The following diagram (chart) is illustrative of the channel of distribution which may exist in a market: The above chart indicates that the number of middlemen may vary. If there is direct sale by the produce to the consumers then there is no middleman. But that is very rare. As the chart shows the producer may sell goods to retailer who may then sell the same to consumers. The producer may sell goods to wholesalers who may inturn sell to retailers and the retailer may sell to consumers. The fourth alternative channel of distribution is when any agent/dealer intervenes between the producer and retailers and acts as a middlemen. The agent is appointed by the producer for the sale of goods to the retailers. Another alternative channel is there when producers agent sells goods to wholesalers who sell to retailers. Agent/dealer is an independent person/firm buying goods and selling them to retailers. Agent/dealer may also sell to wholesalers who may then sell to retailers and goods are thus made available to consumers. In the channel of distribution there may be more than one agent/dealer and wholesaler. A brief explanation of different channels of distribution is given below: Manufacturer Æ’Â  Customer: This is also known as direct selling because no middlemen are involved. A producer may sell directly through his own retail stores, for example, Bata. This is the simplest and the shortest channel. It is fast and economical. Small producers and producers of perishable commodities also sell directly to the local consumers. Big firms adopt direct selling in order to cut distribution cost and because they have sufficient facilities to sell directly to the consumers. The producer or the entrepreneur himself performs all the marketing activities. Manufacturer Æ’Â  RetailerÆ’Â  Customer: This is one stage distribution channel having one middleman, i.e., retailer. In this channel, the producer sells to big retailers like departmental stores and chain stores who in turn sell to customer. This channel is very popular in the distribution of consumer durables such as refrigerators, T V sets, washing machines, typewriters, etc. This channel of distribution is very popular these days because of emergence of departmental stores, super markets and other big retail stores. The retailers purchase in large quantities from the producer and perform certain marketing activities in order to sell the product to the ultimate consumers. Manufacturer Æ’Â  WholesalerÆ’Â  RetailerÆ’Â  Customer: This is the traditional channel of distribution. There are two middlemen in this channel of distribution, namely, wholesaler and retailer. This channel is most suitable for the products with widely scattered market. It is used in the distribution of consumer products like groceries, drugs, cosmetics, etc. It is quite suitable for small scale producers whose product line is narrow and who require the expert services and promotional support of wholesalers. Selection Criteria of a Distribution Channel While selecting a distribution channel, the entrepreneur should compare the costs, sales volume and profits expected from alternative channels of distribution. In order to select the right channel for distributing his product, a small-scale manufacturer should keep in mind the following considerations: Market Considerations: The nature of the market is a key factor influencing the choice of channels of distribution. The following features of the market should be considered to determine the channels: Consumer or Industrial Market: If the product is meant for industrial users, the channel of distribution will be a short one. This is because industrial users buy in a large quantity and the producer can easily establish a direct contact with them. But in case for goods meant for consumers, retailers may have to be included in the channels of distribution. Number and location of buyers: When the number of potential customers is small or the market is geographically located in a limited area, direct selling is easy and economical. In case of large number of customers, use of wholesalers and retailers becomes necessary. Size of order: Direct selling is convenient and economical where customers place order in big lots as in case of industrial goods. But where the product is sold in small quantities, middlemen are used to distribute such products. A manufacturer may use different channels for different types of buyers. He may sell directly to big retail stores and may use wholesalers to sell to small retailers. Customers buying habits: The customer buying habits like the time he is willing to spend, the desire for credit, the preference of personal attention and one stop shopping significantly affect the choice of distribution channels. Product Considerations: The type and nature of the product influence the number and type of middlemen to be chosen for distributing the product. The important factors with respect to the product are as follows: Unit value: Products of low unit value and common use are generally sold through middlemen, as they cannot bear the cost of direct selling. On the other hand, expensive consumer goods and industrial products are sold directly by the producers. Perishability: Perishable products like vegetables, fruits and bakery items have relatively short channels, as they cannot withstand repeated handling. Goods, which are subject to frequent changes in fashion and style, are generally distributed through short channels, as the producer has to maintain close and continuous touch with the market. Bulk and weight: Heavy and bulky products are distributed directly to minimize handling costs. Coal, bricks, stones, etc., are some examples. Standardisation: Custom-made and non-standardised products usually pass through short channels due to the need for direct contact between the producer and the consumers. Standardized and mass-made goods can be distributed through middlemen. Technical nature: Industrial products requiring demonstration, installation and aftersale service are often sold directly. The consumer products of technical nature are generally sold through retailers. Product line: An entrepreneur producing a wide range of products may find it economical to set up its own retail outlets. On the other hand, firms with one or two products find it profitable to distribute through wholesalers and retailers. Age of the product: A new product needs greater promotional effort and few middlemen may like to handle it. As the product gains acceptance in the market, more middlemen may be employed for its distribution. Middlemen Considerations: The cost and efficiency of distribution depend largely upon the nature and type of middlemen as given in the following factors: Availability: When middlemen as desired are not available, an entrepreneur may have to establish his own distribution network. Non-availability of middlemen may arise when they are handling competitive products, as they do not like to handle more brands. Attitudes: Middlemen who do not like a firms marketing policies may refuse to handle its products. For instance, some wholesalers and retailers demand sole selling rights or a guarantee against fall in prices. Services: Use of those middlemen is profitable who provide financing, storage, promotion and aftersale services. Sale Potential: An entrepreneur generally prefers a dealer who offers the greatest potential volume of sales. Costs: Choice of a channel should be made after comparing the costs of distribution through alternative channels. Company Considerations: The nature, size and objectives of the business firm also play an important role in the selection of distribution channel. It includes financial resources, market standing, volume of production, desire for control of channel, services provided by manufacturers, etc. For example a company with substantial financial resources need not rely too much on the middlemen and can afford to reduce the levels of distribution. Similarly a company desiring to exercise greater control over channel will prefer a shorter channel. After deciding the number of middlemen, an entrepreneur has to select the particular dealers through whom he will distribute his products. While selecting a particular wholesaler or retailer, the following factors should be taken into consideration: a. Location of dealers business premises; b. Financial position and credit standing of the dealer; c. Knowledge and experience of the dealer; d. Storage and showroom facilities of the dealer e. Ability of the dealer to secure adequate business and to cover the market; f. Capacity of the dealer to provide aftersale service; g. General reputation of the dealer and his sales force; h. Willingness of the dealer to handle the entrepreneurs products; i. Degree of co-operation and promotion service he is willing to provide; j. Nature of other products, if any handled by the dealer. Need for Distribution Channel Why are all these layers needed in distribution ? Why cant a producer simply sell to a retailer, who sells to a consumer? Its a fair question, and in some cases, that is exactly how it happens. But the fact is that many producers are either too small or too large to handle all the necessary functions themselves to get their products to market. Consider the small, specialty manufacturer who is terrific at making fine leather handbags but may not have the expertise to market its products as well as it makes them, or they may not have the money to hire a team of full-time salespeople to court the customers and secure the orders. An intermediary who works for several small, noncompeting firms can easily handle those functions cost-effectively. An intermediary who specializes in importing and exporting can handle the intricacies of customs paperwork, overseas shipping, and foreign markets, too. Conversely, large companies need intermediaries because they are also in the business of manufacturing, not marketing. Turning out tens of thousands of cases of soft drinks, for instance, do you think Pepsi has time to take and fill individual orders from households? Channel members like wholesalers and retailers are useful because they are best at specific aspects of sales in their markets, leaving the manufacturers to do what they do best-which is turn out the best possible product. Having a distribution channel breaks the whole buying and selling process and all its related negotiations into manageable tasks, each performed by companies that specialize in certain skills. Using an import wholesaler, for example, can be handy because they know the laws and customs of the suppliers nations; and they generally offer their own lines of credit so the retailer wont have to deal with currency exchange or negotiate payment terms with a bank in another country. Another advantage of the distribution channel is its ability to even out the natural ebbs and flows of a supply chain. This comes from the ability of some channel members to store excess goods until they are needed, and to stockpile goods in anticipation of seasonal sales peaks. Depending on how close their relationships, channel members may also work together to purchase goods or services in greater quantity at discounts, passing the savings on to customers. Even for consumers, the distribution chain is handy-beyond handy, in fact! It has become a necessity in our society. What if there were no supermarkets, for instance? Can you imagine how much more time and money you would spend having to buy every item at its source? How practical would it be to run out to the nearest farm to pick up a quart of milk and some salad ingredients on your way home from work? FMCG Sector Overview FMCG is an acronym for  Fast Moving Consumer Goods, which refer to things that we buy from local supermarkets on daily basis, the things that have high turnover and are relatively cheaper. Products which have a quick turnover, and relatively low cost are known as Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG). FMCG products are those that get replaced within a year. Examples of FMCG generally include a wide range of frequently purchased consumer products such as toiletries, soap, cosmetics, tooth cleaning products, shaving products and detergents, as well as other non-durables such as glassware, bulbs, batteries, paper products, and plastic goods. FMCG may also include pharmaceuticals, consumer electronics, packaged food products, soft drinks, tissue paper, and chocolate bars. A subset of FMCGs is Fast Moving Consumer Electronics which include innovative electronic products such as mobile phones, MP3 players, digital cameras, GPS Systems and Laptops. These are replaced more frequently than other electronic products. White goods in FMCG refer to household electronic items such as Refrigerators, T.Vs, Music Systems, etc. These types of goods are required frequently by consumers and so a large part of the monthly salary or income will be spent on buying all the goods listed on the consumers shopping list. New players keep joining the FMCG circles but find the going tough unless they have a well planned strategy along with large cash reserves for their product promotion. A particular FMCG company might be a strong urban market leader, but will still find it tough to enter the rural markets or a new Indian state or area. Although FMCG companies generate a large volume of sales and money, they are always under pressure as they keep facing a lot of competition from their fellow competitors. Due to this, the FMCG companies try to do their level best in maintaining a fine balance in their profits and the product price. Thus they keep facing new challenges on their margins month after month. One of the key factors for an FMCG company to do well is a proper distribution network. If a distribution network of a particular FMCG company is well oiled, then that particular FMCG Company will definitely find the going much easier in the market. But companies have to allot a large chunk of their finances in developing and fine tuning their distribution networks. The promotion of a product of an FMCG company too is considered very crucial for its success. The market has many players. Every FMCG company has to fight for its space and audience in the Indian market. Thus, when a multinational company enters the Indian market, it creates an even bigger challenge to the existing players on the FMCG scene. If the promotion is done well, then the manufacturing of the product can even be outsourced. This can save valuable finance for a company. This in turn will help the company to utilize their energies on other aspects of their product. Some of the top players on the FMCG scene in India are Hindustan Unilever Ltd., ITC (Indian Tobacco Company), Nestlà © India and Dabur India. So, we can say that FMCG are the products which are: Sold quickly at relatively low cost Sold in large quantities Have low absolute profit but high cumulative profit Sector Performance FMCG is one of the few sectors that has been unscratched and has shown consistent growth despite economic recession and this can be proved by some of the leading magazines articles like: According to Business Standard-FMCG resilient to the economic slowdown and dip in consumer sentiment. According to Economic times it is one of the very few sectors undergoing MA in recent times. Economic times also comment that Indian rural market in untapped and unpenetrated. The growth in this sector is also evident from the fact that many FMCG companies are planning to foray into West Asia, South Africa and Egypt. FMCG industry  provides a wide range of consumables and accordingly the amount of money circulated against FMCG products is also very high. The competition among FMCG manufacturers is also growing and as a result of this, investment in FMCG industry is also increasing, specifically in India, where FMCG industry is regarded as the fourth largest sector with total market size of US$13.1 billion. FMCG Sector in India is estimated to grow 60% by 2010. FMCG industry is regarded as the largest sector in New Zealand which accounts for 5% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Some of the merits of FMCG industry, which made this industry as a potential one are low operational cost, strong distribution networks, presence of renowned FMCG companies. Population growth is another factor which is responsible behind the success of this industry. Some of the well known FMCG companies are : Sara Lee Nestlà © Reckitt Benckiser Unilever Procter Gamble Coca-Cola Carlsberg Kleenex General Mills Pepsi Mars etc. FMCG industry  creates a wide range of job opportunities. This industry is a stable, diverse, challenging and high profile industry providing a wide range of job categories like sales, supply chain, finance, marketing, operations, purchasing, human resources, product development, and general management. Indian FMCG Sector FMCG is the fourth largest sector in the Indian Economy with a total market size of Rs. 60,000 crores. FMCG sector generates 5% of total factory employment in the country and is creating employment for three million people, especially in small towns and rural India. The FMCG sector in India is a sector which is dominated by a high level competition between all the players. This particular sector includes MNCs as well as local Indian companies. Certain companies are leaders in a particular state or area. While some of the companies are very strong in the rural areas compared to the urban areas. Some of the most powerful companies in the FMCG sector are: Hindustan Unilever Ltd., ITC (Indian Tobacco Company), Nestlà © India, GCMMF (AMUL), Dabur India, Asian Paints (India), Cadbury India, Britannia Industries, Procter Gamble Hygiene and Health Care and Marico Industries. All these companies have a proper distribution network along with proper product promotion tools which have helped them to regularly increase their sales and visibility on the Indian scene. Well-established distribution networks, as well as intense competition between the organised and unorganised segments are the characteristics of this sector. FMCG in India has a strong and competitive MNC presence across the entire value chain. It has been predicted that the FMCG market will reach to US$ 33.4 billion in 2015 from US $ billion 11.6 in 2003. The middle class and the rural segments of the Indian population are the most promising market for FMCG, and give brand makers the opportunity to convert them to branded products. Most of the product categories like jams, toothpaste, skin care, shampoos, etc, in India, have low per capita consumption as well as low penetration level, but the potential for growth is huge. The Indian Economy is surging ahead by leaps and bounds, keeping pace with rapid urbanization, increased literacy levels, and rising per capita income. The big firms are growing bigger and small-time companies are catching up as well. According to the study conducted by AC Nielsen, 62 of the top 100 brands are owned by MNCs, and the balance by Indian companies. Fifteen companies own these 62 brands, and 27 of these are owned by Hindustan Lever. Pepsi is at number three followed by Thums Up. Britannia takes the fifth place, followed by Colgate (6), Nirma (7), Coca-Cola (8) and Parle (9). These are figures the soft drink and cigarette companies have always shied away from revealing. Personal care, cigarettes, and soft drinks are the three biggest categories in FMCG. Between them, they account for 35 of the top 100 brands. Hindustan Unilever Limited has been operating in India from a long time. They are Indias largest FMCG Company and are also one of Indias largest exporters. The list of their popular products is a very large one. Some of their popular products are Lifebuoy, Rexona, Lux, Liril, Lipton Tea, Brooke Bond Tea, Bru Coffee, Pepsodent, Surf, Rin, Wheel Laundry Detergent and Kissan. The company has an excellent research centre which was established in 1958 and has a strong team of highly qualified scientists. Recently they have launched new projects like Ayush Ayurvedic Products Services and Pureit Water Purifiers. ITC which was set up in 1910 in India was earlier known as Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited. ITC has a vast presence in wide array of products and some of them are greeting cards, cigarettes, paperboards, packaging, branded apparel, foods confectionery and FMCG products. ITC has proved its worth by being one of Indias biggest foreign exchange earners. Although it already has many leading products from a long time, it is recently wooing over successfully new customers in its businesses of branded apparel, packaged foods confectionery and greeting cards stationery. Nestlà © first made its presence in India in 1912. It has always managed to get itself listed in Indias Most Respected Companies. This has been possible due to its practice of producing products of a global standard in India. It has also been able to provide customer satisfaction to the consumers of its products. The success of Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) has proved that a cooperative too can grow into a top class company if it is backed by proper vision, hard work and a quality product. This has helped it to become the largest food product marketing organization in India. Some of its popular products are Amul Ice cream, Amul Milk, Amul Butter, Amul Shrikhand, Amul Milk Powder, Amul Ghee and Amul Cheese. Thus the above four examples show a variety of factors which are responsible for turning a company into a leading FMCG company. The top 10 companies in India are as follows: The FMCG sector can be sub classified into: Personal Care: The personal care category has the largest number of brands, i.e., 21, inclusive of Lux, Lifebuoy, Fair and Lovely, Vicks, and Ponds.   There are 11 HLL brands in the 21, aggregating Rs. 3,799 crore or 54% of the personal care category. Cigarettes account for 17% of the top 100 FMCG sales, and just below the personal care category. ITC alone accounts for 60% volume market share and 70% by value of all filter cigarettes in India. Foods: The foods category in FMCG is gaining popularity with a swing of launches by HLL, ITC, Godrej, and others. This category has 18 major brands, aggregating Rs. 4,637 crore. Nestle and Amul slug it out in the powders segment. The food category has also seen innovations like softies in ice creams, chapattis by HLL, ready to eat rice by HLL and pizzas by both GCMMF and Godrej Pillsbury. This category seems to have faster development than the stagnating personal care category. Amul, Indias largest foods company, has a good presence in the food category with its ice-creams, curd, milk, butter, cheese, and so on. Britannia also ranks in the top 100 FMCG brands, dominates the biscuits category and has launched a series of products at various prices. Household care: In the household care category (like mosquito repellents), Godrej and Reckitt are two players. Goodknight from Godrej, is worth above Rs 217 crore, followed by Reckitts Mortein at Rs 149 crore. In the shampoo category, HLLs Clinic and Sunsilk make it to the top 100, although PGs Head and Shoulders and Pantene are also trying hard to be positioned on top. Clinic is nearly double the size of Sunsilk. Herbal care: Dabur is among the top five FMCG companies in India and is a herbal specialist. With a turnover of Rs. 19 billion (approx. US$ 420 million) in 2005-2006, Dabur has brands like Dabur Amla, Dabur Chyawanprash, Vatika, Hajmola and Real. Paint: Asian Paints is enjoying a formidable presence in the Indian sub-continent, Southeast Asia, Far East, Middle East, South Pacific, Caribbean, Africa and Europe. Asian Paints is Indias largest paint company, with a turnover of Rs.22.6 billion (around USD 513 million). Forbes Global magazine, USA, ranked Asian Paints among the 200 Best Small Companies in the World Chocolates/Confectionary: Cadbury India is the market leader in the chocolate confectionery market with a 70% market share and is ranked number two in the total food drinks market. Its popular brands include Cadburys Dairy Milk, 5 Star, Eclairs, and Gems. The Rs.15.6 billion (USD 380 Million) Marico is a leading Indian group in consumer products and services in the Global Beauty and Wellness space. Outlook for FMCG Sector: There is a huge growth potential for all the FMCG companies as the per capita consumption of almost all products in the country is amongst the lowest in the world. Again the demand or prospect could be increased further if these companies can change the consumers mindset and offer new generation products. Earlier, Indian consumers were using non-branded apparel, but today, clothes of different brands are available and the same consumers are willing to pay more for branded quality clothes. Its the quality, promotion and innovation of products, which can drive many sectors. Methodology Exploratory research: The exploratory research design is appropriate for any any problems in which a very little knowledge is available. An Exploratory study is in the nature of a preliminary phase and is absolutely essential in order to obtain a proper definition of problem in hand. So it is helpful in breaking broad and vague problems into smaller, more precise sub problem statements, hopefully, in the form of specific hypothesis. In this study the exploratory research has been used to frame structure questionnaires, individuals with knowledge and ideas have been interviewed to get the idea to frame structure questionnaire. A part from books and journals has been used to gather information about the insurance and the insurance industry. Data Collection: In this study internal and external source for data collection had been used. In the internal and external sources of data collection these two types of data comes into picture: Primary Data Secondary Data Primary Data All the primary data for the purpose of the study were obtained by interviewing the retailers with the help of a questionnaire. Questionnaires were framed on the basis of product its competition. The questions were designed in such a way as to elicit maximum information and data. Secondary Data Secondary data has been collected from books and websites. Internet websites: www.google.com, www.Coca-Cola.com, www.wikipedia.com, www.coca-colaindia.com Magazines Business World Management and Technology Questionnaire There can be two types of questionnaire. Questionnaire for Whole sellers: Name: Age: .. Area: . Years in the Business:. .. Date. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_STNJ3qjC9Nk/SX30qf_Ve3I/AAAAAAAAAcU/P3nV5aXUBdY/s320/Coca-Cola_logo5.jpg Q1. Which coca cola cold drink brand sells the most? Coke b. ThumsUp c.Limca d. Sprite e. Fanta f. Maaza g.Others Q2. Which mineral water sells the most? Kinley b. Aquafina c. Bisleri d. Local brands Q3. What type of package cold drinks sells the most? 300ml bottle b. 600 ml pet bottle c.

Data Link Control (internet) :: essays research papers

Society has become based solely on the ability to move large amounts of information across vast distances quickly. The natural evolution of computers and this need for ultra-fast communications has caused a global network of interconnected computers to develop. This global network allows a person to send E-mail across the world in mere fractions of a second, and enables even the common person to access information world-wide. With the new advancements in technology there must be a set of â€Å"rules† or better known as protocols that must be established and utilized at all times. In this short ten page paper I will be demonstrating the advancements in these protocols and there uses today. To properly show the significant advancement, it will be best to show why Data Link Control was established. In the early 1970’s, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) started a research program interlinking computer to share information. While sending information from one site to the other many problems arose with loosing data (Society). To decrease the amount of corrupted data being transmitted, protocols were established. These protocols were a drawn out process that was very slow but was able to transfer data all across the world. By 1986, the US National Science Foundation Started the NSFNET which today provides one of the biggest backbones for the internet. This supercomputer was able to send packets on its 45 MBps trunk to different locations. Once this was in place the internet was born with TCP/IP Protocols of TCP/IP protocol suite became available in the 1980's. . By 1991-93 Home computers were starting to take advantage of the vast amount of information that is available. By this time the OSI protocol was created and by the end of 1991 the internet has grown to include 5,000 networks in three countries, serving over 700,000 host computers used by over 4,000,000 people. This was all possible due to strict sets of protocols that were followed (Society). By the mid to late 1990’s society was using 56K modems in the residential areas and companies were purchasing faster dedicated connections. At this period of time flow control, error control, and High-level Data link Control (HDLC) were being implem ented. The control of the data being processed is referred to as flow control. Flow control was needed to be established to regulate the speed of data being transmitted. Regulating the speed of the transmission evens out the data so that very little errors will occur.

Lady Macbeth Analysis

The characters in Shakespeare’s are strongly developed by the use of soliloquies. Through them, introspection of the characters is revealed. Lady Macbeth, in particular, is very dynamic, and her nature grows throughout the play. Her changes are often highlighted through her soliloquies, thus giving the audience a clear idea of her development. When Macbeth told his wife of the witches’ prophecy, Lady Macbeth wanted nothing else but to make it true.She asked the spirits to â€Å"Unsex me here, and fill me, from the crown to the toe, top full of direst cruelty! † (Act 1, Scene 5) She asks for the power to convince and control her husband’s mind with her ambition to become the queen. In this soliloquy, Lady Macbeth reveals to the audience her evil nature; however, this trait is hidden from the characters around her as the minute Macbeth enters and her soliloquy finishes, she softens into a loving wife, calling Macbeth â€Å"My dearest love,† and comfor ting him of Duncan’s visit.Right before the scene ends, she tells him that â€Å"To alter favor ever is to fear. Leave all the rest to me. † This should send Macbeth a signal of her blooming nature. Lady Macbeth enters the courtyard of the castle after drugging the king’s guards with alcohol and says to herself that â€Å"what has quench’d them hath given me fire. † (Act 2, Scene 2) She is bold and ferocious, and she drunk not only on the alcohol, but her greed and her evil desires fuel her.Her soliloquy shows the audience the climax of her growth. She confidently admits to herself who she is and is happy about what she’s done. After meeting with Macbeth and seeing his weakness, she calls Macbeth â€Å"Infirm of purpose† and takes matters into her own hands to complete the deed. Lady Macbeth’s growth is revealed to both the audience and to her husband in this soliloquy. The last of Lady Macbeth’s soliloquies is during he r sleep walk.She is admitting her crime, and trying to wash blood off her hands. She believes that ‘’all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand,† (Act 1, Scene 1) obviously crumbling under the guilt. Her fear is also torturing her, through her unresolved reassurance to herself that â€Å"Banquo’s buried. He cannot come out on ‘s grave. † There are no traces of her evil nature left, and her soliloquy reveals her weakness, and her regret as she admits to herself that â€Å"what is done cannot be undone. Lady Macbeth is portrayed as the fierce minded wife of Macbeth, unlike most women of her time. She is strong willed, however, not stronger than her guilty conscience, as she is eventually crushed and killed by her own evil nature. Shakespeare shows the development of Lady Macbeth through three soliloquies placed in the beginning, the middle, and the end of the play to give the audience a very clear understanding of both the dyna mics of the character and also the plot of the play.

Increasing Innovation by the Use of Incentives While Maintaining Current Costs Essay

There are many ways to use incentives in business to create an increase in innovation within the company without the increase of additional costs. Some of the realms in which incentives can be used to motivate employees include the fostering of teamwork and openness, awareness of balanced competition, company alliances, and focusing on the importance of leisure, family, and health. Through the attentiveness to these aspects of business and implementation of incentives which truly inspire worker creativity, it is possible to support a climate of innovation in the company. It is important to recognize that in many instances, stimulating innovation does not mean an increase in company costs. Rather, the innovation of workers is driven by a sense of feeling cared for and wanting to do the best for the supportive company within the economic context of the business environment. It is interesting to note that high charged productivity and monetary rewards are often not the best incentives to use in regard to company innovation and sustained growth. Some better incentives focus on the holistic nature of the company, personal relationships, and true worker happiness. These ideals are what make people invest in a company on a deep and personal level. By taking a look at the value inherent in teamwork, openness, competition, alliances, leisure, family, and health, it is possible to implement incentives in business at no extra cost which truly support the activity and engagement of innovative company workers. Teamwork and Openness It is essential in modern business to determinedly work to create a business environment in which teamwork and openness are central values of the collaborative company unit. Internally, workers are enthused by the idea that upper management truly values the ideas of the people in the company, and, externally, workers are open to information and suggestions which stem from sources outside of the company. The simple activity of regular interaction in support of the inflow and outflow of knowledge is the foundation of cooperation and a sure motivator for company workers (Chesbrough, Enkel, & Gassmann, 2010). In order to work as a team, as a systemic unit which is corporeal and looking out for the best interests of the company as a whole, it is vital to promote the idea of open discourse and transparency. The opposite situation, where company workers are overly disconnected and ousted from company decision making, simply creates a work environment which is devoid of respect and energy, inhibiting essential innovation for company growth and prosperity. Workers are best inspired by the ability to have meaningful and considerate discussions with fellow workers, even, and especially, with the top managers and owners. Fostering a sense of teamwork and communication and calling for regular meetings is one of the best ways to ensure that the company is moving forward in building personal relationships with fellow coworkers and clients. Competition It is interesting to consider competition as a motivator, as competition can be a valuable asset to the innovation surrounding the internal work environment of the company and the external economic context, as well as a plague on worker creativity. Aghion, Bloom, Blundell, Griffith, and Howitt (2005) aptly point out that the correlation of competition and innovation is an inverted U curve, in that when competition is low, innovation is low, when competition is moderate, innovation is high, and when competition is high, innovation is low. From this information, one can draw the conclusion that the best internal and external environment for the company is one in which the level of competitiveness is kept at a moderate level. When workers experience too little competition within the company or between rival companies, then they are prone to become less innovative. However, when workers are subject to an extreme amount of intense competition in the office and in the external environment, then workers also tend to become less innovative. The best strategy for a forward thinking and growth oriented company is to keep a sense of balance within the company and between workers as well as between rival companies. In regard to competition, it is true that one can have too little of a good thing, as well as too much. Regular reminders about the competitive nature of the work environment is important in stimulating worker innovation, however, it is important for management to not become fixated and overly aggressive in pursuing a purely competitive company culture. Alliances In looking at alliances, the interaction between companies, organizations, and government agencies, it is interesting to note the ways in which alliances are better at supporting innovation in companies than mergers and acquisitions. Alliances focus on the concept of teamwork, of drawing closer together in order to better understand how the systemic processes between companies are mutually beneficial. In the case of company alliances, workers are able to be collaborative and interactive with one another, motivated by one another, whereas in the case of mergers and acquisitions, workers become nervous about losing their jobs and the future prospects of the companies, creating the limiting effect of suspicion and fear (De Man & Duysters, 2005). It is recommended that in every case where two or more companies want to draw closer together, all efforts should be made at joining together via alliances rather than mergers and acquisitions. In creating friendly alliances with other companies, organizations, and agencies, the desire to engage in open communication and collaboration is fostered and stimulates the innovate energy of the company workers. There can often be nothing worse for company morale than for workers to be apprehensive about the future and doubting of their peers and superiors. It is important to communicate the reasons why the base company tends to associate more or less closely with other companies and to focus on the healthy benefits and rewards which can come about through increasingly integrated company to company interaction and mutual help. Sometimes, the best way to work with another company is to take the long road towards true cohesion or to simply continue to remain as essentially independent, yet interdependent, organizations. Leisure, Family, & Health It is interesting to note that ways in which companies can support an innovative work environment by paying attention to personal values such as leisure, family, and health. Looking to Europe as an economic model, due to the fact that they boast the largest amount of successful global companies in the world (United Nations, 2010), it is interesting to note that countries have trimmed down work weeks to under 40 hours, workers are allowed flexible working time and many part time opportunities, workers enjoy benefits such as 6+ weeks of vacation per year and 16 weeks of paid maternity leave, mothers have the ability to take off stay home with their young children for up to 5 years without losing their positions (can return to their former positions), and most people are supplied by their employers with mandatory non-profit health insurance benefits (Drew, Emerek, & Mahon, 1998). In motivating workers without incurring greater costs, it is important to highlight the ways in which benefits such as these promote a sense of wellbeing among company workers. It is often simply receiving a sense of acknowledgment in regard to necessary stress relievers which can serve to bolster worker morale and creativity. Although work and productivity are important, overall company health and innovation is of greater significance in regard to a stable and flourishing company organism. It is amazing how workers can be inspired to devote more of their creativity energy to the workplace when they know that their leisure, family, and health interests are respected and valued. Progressive companies are assured by the fact that, sometimes, workers are truly better rewarded by several weeks on vacation than by a pay raise. Conclusion In aiming to increase company innovation through the use of incentives which do not raise company costs, there are many options to choose from. Oftentimes, it is simply a matter of creating a gentler work environment which is more intimate, open, and considerate. In extending thoughtfulness and wellbeing related initiatives to company workers, company owners and managers are often well pleased by the amazing results. Worker happiness and motivation can be bolstered in a wide ranging realm of ways which does not involve company cost increases. By placing value on communication, integration, sincerity, relationships, and healthy living, it is amazing to note the ways in which companies are well served by worker enthusiasm. One of the simplest ways to begin fostering increased innovation in the company is to begin placing an emphasis on having face to face meetings on a regular basis at the office and to offer an extra week of vacation per year to all workers. Although these small first steps may not be the final answer to stepping up worker motivation, it is a great and simple start. Company managers and owners need to seriously consider the overall welfare of workers as being absolutely positively correlated with the overall welfare of the company. If workers are supported in their wellbeing and perceive to be well nurtured, then the company will reap the benefits of the innovative energy which proceeds from a happy company atmosphere.

Free Essays on The Beast Of The Lord Of The Flies

â€Å"The Beast† – English 11 Final Exam Essay Throughout time, authors have been using various elements in their writings to symbolize other, deeper figures. In the literary pieces we have come across this year, there have been several bold cases of symbolism. In the Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer uses symbolism to signify the decline of the church. William Golding uses this narrative technique on several different occasions in The Lord of the Flies. The biggest illustration of symbolism in The Lord of the Flies is in relation to â€Å"the beast†. The beast is seen as a real object on the island which frightens the boys. In reality, the beast is something internal. The fear of the beast is in soul and mind of the boys, leading them to the natural chaos of a society with no reasoning adults. Throughout the story, William Golding expresses the need for civilized order to maintain the cruel savage beast in us all. Jack's tribe and fear of the beast contribute to the overwhelming belief that savagery, not order, and is needed to survive on the island. Symbolism was just as vivid in Shakespeare’s MacBeth. MacBeth had a tragic flaw which ultimately restricted him from conquering his goal. MacBeth was a tragic hero who fell from a position of honor and respect due to a flaw in his character. Macbeth was once a noble man, but unfortunately chooses to follow the advice and future telling of witches. Macbeth finds himself King, abuses his power and then gets killed. Macbeth goes through four stages until he reaches the end of his life; the first being his original state, his tragic flaw, his downfall and finally his suffering. These four stages help to justify Shakespeare's tragic hero symbolism. Both Golding’s Lord of the Flies and Shakespeare’s MacBeth use symbolism to convey their literary messages. â€Å"The Beast† and the witches in MacBeth symbolize potential destruction for civilizations. Both Lord of the Flies and ... Free Essays on The Beast Of The Lord Of The Flies Free Essays on The Beast Of The Lord Of The Flies â€Å"The Beast† – English 11 Final Exam Essay Throughout time, authors have been using various elements in their writings to symbolize other, deeper figures. In the literary pieces we have come across this year, there have been several bold cases of symbolism. In the Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer uses symbolism to signify the decline of the church. William Golding uses this narrative technique on several different occasions in The Lord of the Flies. The biggest illustration of symbolism in The Lord of the Flies is in relation to â€Å"the beast†. The beast is seen as a real object on the island which frightens the boys. In reality, the beast is something internal. The fear of the beast is in soul and mind of the boys, leading them to the natural chaos of a society with no reasoning adults. Throughout the story, William Golding expresses the need for civilized order to maintain the cruel savage beast in us all. Jack's tribe and fear of the beast contribute to the overwhelming belief that savagery, not order, and is needed to survive on the island. Symbolism was just as vivid in Shakespeare’s MacBeth. MacBeth had a tragic flaw which ultimately restricted him from conquering his goal. MacBeth was a tragic hero who fell from a position of honor and respect due to a flaw in his character. Macbeth was once a noble man, but unfortunately chooses to follow the advice and future telling of witches. Macbeth finds himself King, abuses his power and then gets killed. Macbeth goes through four stages until he reaches the end of his life; the first being his original state, his tragic flaw, his downfall and finally his suffering. These four stages help to justify Shakespeare's tragic hero symbolism. Both Golding’s Lord of the Flies and Shakespeare’s MacBeth use symbolism to convey their literary messages. â€Å"The Beast† and the witches in MacBeth symbolize potential destruction for civilizations. Both Lord of the Flies and ...

Ambiguous adventure-by cheikh hamiduo kane Essay

Ambiguous adventure-by cheikh hamiduo kane - Essay Example The parents are not so sure that hey want to send their children to a new place where they will encounter a totally different way of life from what they have been used to at home(Kane, 8). Samba is one of those sent to France for a better education. However, the Most Royal lady fully appreciates the risks that will come with that decision. She says of the children who will be sent away to France: â€Å"Perhaps the very memory of us will die in them. When they return from the school, there may be those who will not recognize us† (9). The first part of the book prepares the reader for the main theme of change and its impact on the characters. The Most Royal Lady foreshadows what would happen years later when many young people went to get education from the west. Many of them could not cope with the pressure of living in two worlds and they ended up forgetting where they had come from. Having been used to the normal life of his countrymen while schooling at the local French School, it is quite hard for Samba to grasp or come to terms with the French culture. One of the major cultural clashes that Samba faces is the difference between his traditional Islamic ways and the open Western way of life in France (12). He finds his situation ambiguous when he finds himself separated from the Islamic way of life which he has known all his life. In France, he becomes entangled in the French life and this leads to a loss of spiritual identity. This is what makes him feel ambiguous, because he is in a situation that he feels he cannot fit in, and the place where he fits is thousands of miles away (17). Samba feels some kind of emptiness since he cannot reconcile the beliefs and values that he was brought up to hold dear to and those of the Western culture. He goes through self conflict, although he does not forsake or forget his African ways. The conflict emerges from the fact that he realizes that as much as he cannot really accept

Sales Force Compensation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sales Force Compensation - Term Paper Example As such, the use of total rewards program as a way of attracting, retaining and motivating employees involves the extension of what an employee perceives as being of value to that employee. The need for an effective Total rewards program is underscored by firms being solely dependent upon it for growth, stability and overall success. Likewise, the success of a firm that wants to have an effective sales force must use total rewards program, the size of that firm notwithstanding. 1. Six Features of an Effective Total Rewards Program In order to motivate the sales force to produce the highest number of clients, there are six features of an effective total rewards program that should be put to use. One of the features that of an effective total rewards program that will help is compensation. Compensation is the pay that is extended to an employee for the services that the employee renders. Compensation should not only include both short and long-term rewards. Fair and effective compensat ion is that which supports the organization's goals, mission and business objectives. It is against this backdrop that Nike Inc. provides its personnel with very competitive salary that totally complements employees' duties, roles and responsibilities. Another feature of an effective total rewards program that should be put to use is the definition and moderation of work-life. Work-life comprises a particular set of organizational policies, practices, programs and philosophy which actively sustain and support efforts to help employees attain success both at the workplace, and at home. Some of the examples and facets of work-life include job sharing, telecommuting, sabbaticals, flexible work hours, compressed workweek, and continued education. Nike Inc allows sabbaticals for its employees annually. Employees who have worked with Nike Inc. for five years are entitled for two-week rest while those who have worked with the firm for more than six years are entitled for a one-month's leav e. Nike Inc's sales and marketing department and employees are the best paid in the sportswear industry, according to Borgardus (2006). Failure to observe proper work-life easily paves way for dissatisfaction and de-motivation among employees. In another wavelength, Nike Inc or any other organization that is serious about its effective total rewards program must factor its benefit program into consideration. Benefits refer to programs that an employer dispenses to supplement monetary emoluments that are given to employees. Aspects of these benefits include income protection, retirement programs, health and savings. Cichelli (2010) divulges that a well-designed program may not be generic, but needs to customize the diverse workforce which makes up Nike Inc.'s retail and organization. Nike Inc.'s benefit program will help its selling and promotion undertakings since Nike Inc. provides health insurance, disability insurance, life and accident insurance, paid sabbaticals, tuition assist ance, product discounts, transportation allowance and discount.